Mechano Growth Factor - Defining the role of fluid shear stress in the expression of

New Exercise and Fitness Review

Mechano Growth Factor – Defining the role of fluid shear stress in the expression of

Related Articles Defining the role of fluid shear stress in the expression of early signaling markers for calcific aortic valve disease.

PLoS One. 2013;8(12):e84433

Authors: Sun L, Rajamannan NM, Sucosky P

Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is an active process presumably triggered by interplays between cardiovascular risk factors, molecular signaling networks and hemodynamic cues. While earlier studies demonstrated that alterations in fluid shear stress (FSS) on the fibrosa could trigger inflammation, the mechanisms of CAVD pathogenesis secondary to side-specific FSS abnormalities are poorly understood. This knowledge could be critical to the elucidation of key CAVD risk factors such as congenital valve defects, aging and hypertension, which are known to generate FSS disturbances. The objective of this study was to characterize ex vivo the contribution of isolated and combined abnormalities in FSS magnitude and frequency to early valvular pathogenesis. The ventricularis and fibrosa of porcine aortic valve leaflets were exposed simultaneously to different combinations of sub-physiologic/physiologic/supra-physiologic levels of FSS magnitude and frequency for 24, 48 and 72 hours in a double cone-and-plate device. Endothelial activation and paracrine signaling were investigated by measuring cell-adhesion molecule (ICAM-1, VCAM-1) and cytokine (BMP-4, TGF-?1) expressions, respectively. Extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation was characterized by measuring the expression and activity of the proteases MMP-2, MMP-9, cathepsin L and cathepsin S. The effect of the FSS treatment yielding the most significant pathological response was examined over a 72-hour period to characterize the time-dependence of FSS mechano-transduction. While cytokine expression was stimulated under elevated FSS magnitude at normal frequency, ECM degradation was stimulated under both elevated FSS magnitude at normal frequency and physiologic FSS magnitude at abnormal frequency. In contrast, combined FSS magnitude and frequency abnormalities essentially maintained valvular homeostasis. The pathological response under supra-physiologic FSS magnitude peaked at 48 hours but was then maintained until the 72-hour time point. This study confirms the sensitivity of valve leaflets to both FSS magnitude and frequency and suggests the ability of supra-physiologic FSS levels or abnormal FSS frequencies to initiate CAVD mechanisms.

PMID: 24376809 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Mechano Growth Factor
MGF

This has been an automated post

.

__________________

W C B B Sponsors
Truepeptide discount code for 45% off – SF45OFF
ElitePeptides
Androgenetx
IronPeptides discount code for 50% off HUGE50OFF
AXIOPeptides
BlueSkyPeptide discount code for 20% off first order bluesky20
Maxim Peptides
The Chem Depot
Southern SARMs discount code for 10% off WCBB10
Species Nutrition
PHF Supplements
Pinnacle Peptides discount code for 35% off wcbb35
All About Peptides
Evolution Peptides discount code for 15% off WCBB15
Bodybuilders Bodywash

Egg Whites International <—Liquid egg whites
HideMyAss Security Proxy <—-people are watching what your doing.. here’s the way to stop that
Muscleegg Liquid Eggwhites <– For Chocolate liquid Eggwhites
Home Chemistry Conversions <–For all your home chemistry needs
AMAZON.com use our Amazon affiliate link for any amazon purchase

Featured Sponsors Of the Month

Remember… Any advice given on this board is just an opinion and not to be taken as medical advice. WCBB doesn’t advocate or condone use of steroids. Check the laws in your country. WCBB just provides the platform in which to discuss such matters

World Class Bodybuilding Forum

Mechano Growth Factor - Defining the role of fluid shear stress in the expression of

Active coping towards predatory stress is associated with lower corticosterone and pr

New Exercise and Fitness Review

Active coping towards predatory stress is associated with lower corticosterone and pr

Active coping towards predatory stress is associated with lower corticosterone and progesterone plasma levels and decreased methylation in the medial amygdala vasopressin system.

Horm Behav. 2014 Aug 12;

Authors: Bowen MT, Hari Dass SA, Booth J, Suraev A, Vyas A, McGregor IS

Abstract
An active coping style displayed under stress – which involves proactive investigatory responses towards environmental threats – has been associated with reduced vulnerability to psychiatric illness. However, the neurobiological determinants of coping styles are not well understood. When rats are exposed to a naturalistic stressor (cat fur) in a group, some individuals in the group show robust active investigation of the stimulus while others show a passive response involving retreat, immobility and close aggregation with conspecifics. Here we explored endocrine and epigenetic correlates of these contrasting coping styles. Male Wistar rats (n=48) were exposed to cat fur in groups of 4 and the passive and active responders were identified and assessed for endocrine and epigenetic differences. Three days after the final cat fur exposure, active responders had substantially lower plasma levels of corticosterone and progesterone than passive responders. Plasma and testicular testosterone levels did not differ between active and passive responders. Active responders had markedly less methylation of the AVP CGCG promoter region located at base 4970 in the posterodorsal region of the medial amygdala but did not differ in the methylation status of the CCGG sequence located at base 2243. This is in agreement with prior research suggesting that AVP and progesterone act in opposition within the medial amygdala to modulate stress-related behaviours. The present study reports striking endocrine and epigenetic differences between active and passive responders, providing insight into potential systems involved in the manifestation of differing coping styles.

PMID: 25127982 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

This is an automated post

World Class Bodybuilding Forum

Active coping towards predatory stress is associated with lower corticosterone and pr